Redes Ad Hoc Móviles bajo Ataque de Flooding: Evaluación del Desempeño de Protocolos de Enrutamiento
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54580/R0801.17Palabras clave:
MANETs, Evaluación del Desempeño, Ataque de Flooding, OMNeT++.Resumen
Las Redes Ad Hoc Móviles (MANETs) presentan aplicaciones críticas en escenarios sin infraestructura, como operaciones de rescate, entornos militares y despliegues temporales del Internet Industrial de las Cosas (IIoT); sin embargo, enfrentan desafíos asociados a la movilidad, la comunicación multi-salto y la vulnerabilidad a ataques de seguridad. Este trabajo evalúa comparativamente los protocolos de enrutamiento AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector), DSDV (Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector) y GPSR (Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing) en condiciones normales y bajo un ataque de Flooding extremo. Para ello, se realizaron simulaciones utilizando OMNeT++/INET con el estándar IEEE 802.11, considerando una topología de 600×600 m, tráfico UDP-CBR con paquetes de 256 bytes, cuatro nodos atacantes y diez repeticiones por escenario. Las métricas analizadas incluyen la Tasa de Entrega de Paquetes (PDR), la Vazão (Throughput) y la Latência extremo a extremo (Delay). En condiciones normales, AODV y DSDV alcanzaron un PDR del 98%, mientras que GPSR obtuvo un 7,03%. Bajo ataque Flooding, el PDR se redujo a 31,13% para AODV, 18,63% para DSDV y 1,91% para GPSR. La Vazão disminuyó de 10,14 a 2,76 kbps en AODV, de 4,06 a 1,65 kbps en DSDV y de 0,71 a 0,17 kbps en GPSR. En cuanto a la latencia, AODV se mantuvo estable (aproximadamente entre 528 y 560 ms), mientras que DSDV y GPSR presentaron valores del orden de 5×10⁴–6×10⁴ ms, resultando inviables para aplicaciones en tiempo real. Como contribución, este estudio ofrece un pipeline de simulaciones reproducible (NED/INI), la estandarización de métricas (PDR, Delay, Throughput) y estimaciones con intervalos de confianza del 95%. El impacto del trabajo radica en proporcionar evidencia práctica para la selección de protocolos según requisitos de robustez y latencia, además de aportar fundamentos para el diseño de estrategias de detección y mitigación de ataques en MANETs.
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